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9 JANUARY 2010 CONTENTS

IN MEMORY OF THE MARTYRS

By Felipe Argote

was a sunny morning. In the days when it rained and there were no classes in January. Guillermo Guevara Paz, a seventeen year old student got up early, dressed proudly in his uniform of the National Institute, placed his badge in his pocket and left for the eagles nest.

Ricardo Ríos y Arellano Lenox

Since high school I could see windows Guillermo daily cyclone fence on the other side of the avenue called at that time July 4, now Avenue of the martyrs. Behind the fence, between the wide green spaces strewn with myrtle, willow and large mango trees could see the huge mansions of the Zonians.

In many houses threatening the American flag flew the Stars and Stripes.

William as a boy of thirteen years, four years before, had witnessed from those same windows, the so-called sovereignty operation, when a group of academics led by Ricardo Ríos y Arellano Lenox entered the Canal Zone to Panamanian flags planted as a way of reaffirming Panama's sovereignty over the occupied territory. Proceeds from this action that ended in repression of protesters and humiliation of our flag by President Dwight Eisenhower decided that the Panamanian flag should be hoisted on public buildings in the Canal Zone, but not alone, bearing the American flag.

police chief tries to calm the angry Zonians

The January 3, 1904 disobeying its officers, a police officer called Calton Amazonia Bell made headlines by flying the American flag only at the Monument of the American war heroes in Gamboa.

Then the students, followed by their parents and later a group of civilians and military Zonians decided to hoist the American flag alone in the Balboa High School, a school Amazonia located just two kilometers from the National Institute and turns around horn to defend, in its view, the U.S. property on the five-mile strip on either side of the channel.

institutors

The Zonians trying to grab the flag
American police attacks the

After classes finished Guillermo Guevara Paz and Francisco Diaz were presented to the rector of the National Institute Professor Didymus Rios, requesting historic Panamanian flag that was used in large demonstrations in 1947, where he rejected an agreement that would grow to over U.S. military bases on Panamanian territory. A group of one hundred fifty students waited impatiently in the courtyard of the Rector's decision. Professor Rios, after advise discretion, gives the history flag with written authorization.

broken flag

At five o'clock the group of just over one hundred and fifty institutors started the march to Balboa High School. Find open the street from the National Institute decided to go fly the rebel flag in front of school. On the way, intercepting a police commando Amazonia cut us off. Guillermo Guevara, Francisco Eligio Díaz Carranza and communicate with one of the military who is Puerto Rican. After discussion time will allow a small group of six students walk to school in Balboa, sing the national anthem and then retire.

Balboa High School Front are thousands of people including students, parents and civilian militiamen who aggressively shouting all kinds of insults to the group of adolescents. These, idly decided to sing the anthem, despite the boos and shouting obscenities at the Zonians. Noting that are not impressed by his aggressiveness, the Americans decide to pounce and drive the Panamanian pushed. Some Zonians try to snatch the Panamanian flag, they desperately defend. In this police intervention Amazonia that attacks young institutors with police batons to push them area. Homer breaks a Panamanian flag.

Young people run away due to school. Along the way are the rest of the protesters had been detained in a place where they could see the aggression. These are angry at his teammates, who bathed in tears of helplessness will show the flag rotates. Angered by the affront institutors group tries to reach the nearby administration building of the canal to lower the American flag, and avenge the insult, but are intercepted, and not by police but by the time soldiers who had taken up positions. De facto control of the Canal Zone had been the governor's control Robert Fleming to Southern Command chief Andrew P. O'Meara

flags

Students crossing the heavily armed near

The group of students has no alternative but to flee to take refuge on the other side of the fence while being chased by a mob of Zonians, this time accompanied by the U.S. police and army troops. When students spend about defending themselves with stones and sticks. The military and civilian Amazonia answered with firing gun, handguns and hunting rifles.

News of the grievance be scattered like ants. Thousands of Panamanians out of the neighborhoods and the university bearing flags. Many cross the fence to plant in the territory usurped. Begin to fall the first wounded.

Ascanio Ricardo Hurtado takes
Hospital is murdered after returning

Ascanio Arosemena, a student at the Escuela Profesional Isabel Herrera Obaldía returning home after a football game. Are curious about to see what the buzz is when you fall in the middle of the avenue Ricardo Hurtado, one of the first gunshot. As a member of the Red Cross believes that their duty to help him in the middle of the street, although at that time the U.S. military machine-gun fire and fired.

institutor Ascanio picks up the wounded and accompanies him to hospital, then back to help others. As he did is killed by a rifle shot that goes in the back. It is the first martyr of the feat. Fall after eighteen and two Panamanian Panamanians, Maritza Avila Alabarch only 6 months and Rosa Elena Landecho to thirteen years.

MARTYRS MONUMENT

The Panamanian government, with a mass demonstration is forced to break diplomatic relations with the United States. Months after start of negotiations for a new treaty.

The December 31, 1999 in the morning, in a quick ceremony to be carried forward at noon, the U.S. Army lowers its last flag in the Canal Zone, which flew just in front of the administration building, who wanted to be lowered by institutors that fateful January 9, 1964. With 36 years behind the handful of young patriots achieved its goal.

Today there are no fences. Which was called July 4th Avenue is now called Avenue of the martyrs. The Balboa High School is named Ascanio Arosemena Training Center. In the front, where it tried to snatch the flag to the delegation of the National Institute brave, now slowly waddles a bright flame in the cauldron.

Around her, twenty columns inscribed the names of the twenty martyrs of the January 9, 1964:

Alabarch Maritza Avila, 6 months

Landecho Rosa Elena, 13 Gonzalo

Grace

years, 14 years

Vicente Bonilla, 15 years

José del Cid Jr., 16 years

Jorge Enrique Gill, 17

Etanislao

Orobio, 18

Reynato

Carlos Lara, 18 years

Ascanio Arosemena, 20 years

Jacinto Palacios Cobos, 23 years

Ovidio Saldaña Lizardo, 25 Victor M.

Iglesias, 26 years

Ezequiel González Meneses, 28 Victor M.

Garibaldo, 29 Rodolfo Benítez Sánchez

, 33

Alberto Nicolas Constant, 35

Alberto Oriol Jr. 36 years

Teofilo Belisarius la Torre, 38 years

Ricardo Murga V., 40

Villarrueta Celestino Ruiz, 43 years

Rogelio Lara, 70 years